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The Fourth Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP4) Study

2024
National Council for Sustainable Development, on behalf of the Ministry of Environment, for the Royal Government of Cambodia
The Fourth Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP4) Study in Cambodia represents a pivotal milestone in forming a comprehensive understanding of Cambodian citizens toward climate change. It builds on previous investigations to gauge the evolving landscape of climate change awareness and behaviors in Cambodia. The study examines the relationship between Cambodian society and environmental changes, focusing on knowledge gaps, adaptation strategies, and government interventions amidst global concerns about climate change.

The KAP4 Study was mixed-method research that included both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative component involved surveying 1,558 respondents from different demographics, rural and urban areas, and various age and income groups across Cambodia, using stratified sampling to ensure a national representative. The qualitative team conducted 35 qualitative in-depth interviews with stakeholders, alongside eight focus group discussions aimed at marginalized groups in various regions. At the sub-national level, seven focus group discussions encompassed seven diverse groups with 51 participants, prominently featuring 30 women.

  • Track Changes: Monitor knowledge, attitudes, and practices across KAP studies
  • Evaluate Government Initiatives: Investigate the effectiveness of climate change interventions.
  • Enhance Best Practices: Address climate change impacts through improved practices.
  • Develop a Communication Strategy: Utilize video documentaries, awareness campaigns, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement to drive climate change responses

Within the context of identifying the primary causes of climate change, an overwhelming 77% of respondents attributed this environmental challenge to deforestation.

Report Quote:

Results show 84% of respondents were familiar with the term "climate change," while 80% recognized"global warming." However, these numbers portrayed a somewhat shallow understanding, as 57% acknowledged a lack of comprehensive knowledge about climate change, with a similar proportion (55%) admitting a limited understanding of global warming.

The Cambodia Nutrition Project

November 2023
Ministry of Health for the Royal Government of Cambodia
The Cambodia Nutrition Project (CNP) focuses on improving the nutritional status of children aged 6–23 months through the implementation of Complementary Feeding Recommendations (CFR) using a linear programming approach. Despite improvements, persistent issues continue arising including stunting, underweight, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. The analysis also addresses maternal diets, household food practices, and the country’s shifting diet towards more processed foods. It discusses the need for locally appropriate dietary guidelines considering traditional foods, seasonal variability, and food availability.

Cambodia Nutrition Project (CNP) aims focus on enhancing maternal and child health and nutrition services by targeting pregnant/lactating women and children in their first 1,000 days across specific provinces throughout the country.

  • Reduce Neonatal Mortality
  • Enhance Maternal/Child Nutrition
  • Improve Routine Immunization Coverage

While the project has positively impacted maternal and child health outcomes, notably decreasing maternal mortality rates from 442 in 2005 to 154 in 2021-22, persistent malnutrition remains a crucial public health issue for women and young children.

Report Quote:

The recent Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey 2021-2022 found that 28% of children 6-23 months consumed sweet beverage and unhealthy food consumption, with 29% consuming zero vegetables or fruit the day before the survey.

Child Rights in the Tonle Sap

February 2018
Save the Children
Children in the Tonlé Sap region of Cambodia face challenges accessing healthcare and education due to limited facilities and high school dropout rates. Waterborne diseases and malnutrition are prevalent, perpetuating poverty. Prioritizing child rights and tailored services can break the cycle of underdevelopment and unlock the community's potential.

There were positive efforts on health and nutrition services. The health equity funds, linked to the ID Poor cards, have been distributed and are acknowledged by public health facilities.

  • Save the Children sought to undertake an in-depth situation analysis of the children and families in the remote Tonle Sap regions of Kampong Chhnang and Pursat.
  • Save the Children’s mission is to inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives.
A third of households were below the National Poverty Line of KHR 4,446 or US$1.11 and a fifth of households just above poverty line or at risk to falling into poverty by shocks such as crop failure, disaster, sickness, loss of job or payment of heavy debts.

Early Childhood Care and Development Baseline Survey of the Tonle Sap Floating Villages

2017
Save the Children
This report highlights the key findings from the baseline study for The Early Childhood Care and Development for Floating Villages project in Cambodia. The project is grant funded by the World Bank-administered Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF). The Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) for Floating Villages project aims to improve access to quality early childhood care and development for those in the hardest to reach areas in Cambodia, namely the water-based communities in Kampong Chhnang and Pursat provinces. The project aims to develop home-based and community based1 solutions for ECCD provision.

The main objective of this baseline is to gather information about the caregivers, children, and communities in the target area to help the project team to better tailor the intervention activities.  The results of the study establish a baseline against which to measure future growth and change and is meant to address two specific objectives:

  • To provide a benchmark for where children in the 0-42 month and 43-73 month age groups are in terms of their progress against child development milestones.  
  • To understand current knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers as it relates to the learning and development of children.

The project is grant funded by the World Bank-administered Japan Social Development Fund (JSDF).

Quote from a project document:

The data showed that caregivers are more likely to have knowledge about or practice activities like talking, playing, singing, or reading with older children (43-72months), as opposed to younger children (0-42months).

Transforming Societies: Contestations and Convergences in Asia and the Pacific

February 2014
Chiang Mai University (Thailand)
The historical ethnic clashes between Nagas and Kukis in Manipur in the 1990s resulted in mass killings, displacements, and trauma among the Kuki population. Children, who were particularly vulnerable, faced lasting physical, psychological, and developmental challenges. The lack of state intervention forced many villagers to flee their homes. Even years later, the impact of the conflict persists, underscoring the need for sustained efforts to address the lingering trauma and challenges faced by children in the region.

There were more than a million migrant workers officially registered (Office of Foreign Workers Administration, 2011). Besides the registered workers, there were additionally more than 1.4 million family members and unregistered workers, according to a conservative estimate by the Thai Interior Ministry (Huguet et al., 2011, p.11).

  • in present-day Miao communities there is no direct governmental interference in religious activities, unlike during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976).
  • is the improvement of village health.
  • the creation of convenient and inexpensive hospitals and clinics where the patients can be cured.
  • Xiangxi Miao communities, many of the young people consider the messenger ship a deceptive activity because they do not believe that humans can communicate with spirits.
  • The chu-badui is both animist and profoundly syncretic.

Poverty and Social Impact Assessment Micro and Small Enterprises: Improving Market Access for the Poor in Central Cambodia

2011
The Ministry of tourism, Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
The baseline survey gathers essential information for project design and impact measurement. Key indicators include poverty reduction, income increase, employment creation, market establishment, and female beneficiary representation. Detailed data on living conditions, resources, infrastructure, agriculture, and past projects was collected. This information will inform stakeholders on the current situation and guide decision-making for the project's implementation.

The area’s poverty prevalence and the potential of the area to be linked to the tourism market in the Sambo Prey Kok Temple and in the adjacent areas of Angkor Wat and Preah Vihear is a strong rationale to develop alternative sources of income and employment through micro and small enterprises.

  • poverty incidence reduced to 20 percent in project villages by 2016
  • real income levels target increased by 25 percent in 900 households by 2014
  • village-based employment increased by 20 percent in 11 villages by 2014

The project area is characterized by potential beneficiaries of more than 3,000 households and some 38 percent are considered poor. Its population is skewed toward more young people, with most of the labor force from 10 to 24.

The Mekong Discovery Trail Project, Baseline Survey with Reference Code (MDTP/P-IV/PD1/BS)

February 2011
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Netherlands Development Organization (SNV), The Ministry of Tourism
The Mekong Discovery Trail Project, supported by UNWTO and SNV, aims to promote sustainable tourism along the Mekong River in Cambodia. The Baseline Study assessed local involvement in tourism activities in Kratie and Stung Treng. Data was collected through interviews with households, tourists, stakeholders, and focus groups. Analysis focused on poverty reduction, enterprise development, and service market outcomes. The study aims to monitor the project's impact on community-based tourism operations.

Results of the fieldwork on the Mekong Discovery Trail Project Baseline Survey which was conducted from 21–27 November 2011 are based on interviews with target stakeholders including households in each community and foreign and local tourists, and key informants. Further, review and collection of several relevant documents were done. The findings and analysis are presented in the following section of this report.

  • supported by UNWTO and SNV, aims to promote sustainable tourism along the Mekong River in Cambodia.
  • the average expense is less than USD25 and average stay is 1.6 days in Stung Treng and 3.2 days in Kratie.
  • Steung Treng existent figures for domestic tourists  yield to some USD11.604 million per year and in Kratie this redound to some USD2.253 million expenditure or an overall, this yields to USD 13.858 million.
  • Out of 190 households, 149 or 78.4% engage in livestock or poultry raising

The design of the study was agreed on between the Baseline Study Team and the Project Management of the MDT through meetings within October 10 to 4 November 2011.

Children Living in Floating Villages in Tonle Sap

TBD.
Save the Children
Conduct Situation of children living in the floating villages through the lens of Save the Children’s thematic priorities: Health and Nutrition, including WASH; Education, including Basic Education and Early Childhood Care and Development; Child Protection, Child Poverty, and Child Rights Governance with the Save the Children organization.
Report unavailable due to proprietary content.
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The finding provided understand of cross-sectoral analysis of government and private sector service provision in the floating villages and of relevant government mechanisms for responding to the needs of these citizens.

  • Identify how climate change and disasters may impact children in floating villages.
  • Assess of water safety issues and recommendations for future programming, provide analysis.
  • identify changes to living situation of children and families, including: migration and public policy to relocate floating communities.
  • Identify other significant factors (such as gender) that would impact the realization of child rights in floating villages, either currently or in the future.

access to accurate and timely data is critical to achieving sustainable development goals and to

improve the lives of people around the world

"Empowering children and communities out of poverty. For good."

World Vision International, Cambodia

Data processing for the Cambodians EXCEL Project (Eliminating eXploitative Child labor through Education and Livelihoods)

"A world where all children enjoy their rights in all circumstances."

Child Rights Foundation Organization

Evaluation of Improving Hygiene and Sanitation of Cambodia Rural Schools and Communities in Angsnoul District of Kandal Province

"Ending poverty begins with agriculture."

Heifer International Cambodia

Baseline Survey & Living Income of ”Improving Income and Nutrition through Community Empowerment (INCOME) Phase-III Project”

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